Track Categories

The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.

Clinical nephrology is a specialty of medicine that concerns itself with the study of normal kidney function, kidney problems, the treatment of kidney problems and renal replacement therapy including dialysis and kidney transplantation. Clinical nephrology is a branch of therapeutics and paediatrics that concerns about the investigation of the kidney function, Nephrology maladies, the treatment of the Nephrology ailments and renal transplantation treatment (dialysis and kidney transplantation). Kidneys play a vital role for life with their complex network of blood vessels and intricate network of tubes and tubules that filter blood of its waste products and excess water. Kidneys maintain liquids, electrolytes, and corrosive base direction that are modified by kidney malady conditions and in addition drugs and toxins. Nephrology diseases manage investigation of the typical working of the kidneys and its sicknesses. Kidney contaminations, Cancers of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra, Effects of maladies like diabetes and hypertension on kidneys, Acid base irregular characteristics, Nephritic disorder and nephritis, Ill impacts of medications and poisons on the kidneys, Dialysis and its long term complications - dialysis incorporates  haemodialysis and also peritoneal dialysis, Autoimmune diseases including immune system vasculitis, lupus, and so forth. Polycystic kidneys infections where huge growths or liquid filled sacs are shaped inside the kidney impairing its functions-this is congenital and inherited or hereditary condition.

Renal pathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology that deals with the diagnosis and characterization of medical diseases (non-tumor) of the kidney. The kidneys are regularly focused by pathogenic insusceptible reactions against renal auto antigens or by nearby appearances of fundamental autoimmunity. For the finding renal pathologists utilize unique tests and electron magnifying instruments to identify the cells associated with ailments influencing the kidneys. Kidney biopsies allow us to dissect renal clutters; survey expectations; help in the determination of an exact remedial approach; and screen affliction development in both nearby and allograft transplant kidneys. To maximally mishandle renal biopsy illustrations, a mix of light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy is utilized. Every microscopy requires unmistakable methodologies for obsession and getting ready, so each renal biopsy focuses are regularly isolated into three segments renal biopsy.

Urology also referred to as genitourinary surgical procedure is branch of medicine which deals with the surgical and medical illness present in the urinary tract and infection in any part of the urinary tract is known as urinary tract infection. Depends on the place of Infection it is named differently. When the infection is on the upper urinary tract then is referred to as pyelonephritis. An organ which comes under urology is kidneys, adrenal glands, urethra, uterus and male reproductive organ. Common illness consists of UTI, Urinary incontinence, benign prostatic hyperplasia. The most common cause of infection is Escherichia coli other than bacteria fungi can also cause the infection. Diagnosis to these infections encompasses few tests like urinalysis, urine microscopy. Analysis procedure differs to the aged people and it also difficult. Although urinary system has natural defence to this infection sometimes it fails to encounter. Remedy to this infection is antibiotics. Phenazopyridine is prescribed and which helps in decreasing burning sensation and urgency often felt during bladder infection. About 150 million people develop urinary tract infection each year. Women are more infected than male. They more often develop bacterial infection and they occur in the age of 16 to 35.

Pediatric nephrologists diagnose, treat, and manage many disorders affecting the kidney and urinary tract, including kidney failure, high blood pressure, inherited kidney diseases, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and abnormalities in the urine such as blood and protein. If your child has kidney or urinary tract disease, bladder problems, kidney stones, or high blood pressure, a paediatric nephrologist has the special skills and experience to treat your child. Paediatric nephrologists treat children from infancy through late adolescence and in some centres up to young adulthood.

Chronic kidney disorders (CKD) means your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood the way they should. The disease is called “chronic” because the damage to your kidneys happens slowly over a long period of time. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body. CKD can also cause other health problems. The kidneys’ main job is to filter extra water and wastes out of your blood to make urine. To keep your body working properly, the kidneys balance the salts and minerals—such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium—that circulate in the blood. Your kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure, make red blood cells, and keep your bones strong. Kidney disease often can get worse over time and may lead to kidney failure. If your kidneys fail, you will need dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain your health. The sooner you know you have kidney disease, the sooner you can make changes to protect your kidneys.

The diabetic kidney disease sometimes also called as diabetic nephropathy is a renal related complication usually occurs in some people with diabetes mellitus. In diabetic nephropathy filters of the kidneys and glomeruli become damaged. In this condition the kidneys leak abnormal quantity of protein from blood into the urine. If anyone has diabetes, the blood glucose, or blood sugar levels are very high. For prolonged period, this can damage the kidneys. The role of kidney is to clean your blood. In case they are damaged, waste and fluids accumulate in your blood with out of leaving from your body. If the kidney damage by diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. Usually it starts long before you have notice symptoms. The beginning sign of it is small quantity of protein in urine. By urine test we can detect diabetic nephropathy or blood test can also determine the functioning of kidney. If the damage continues for prolonged period the kidneys may fail. Actually, diabetes is the most common cause of renal failure in the U S. People with kidney failure should go for dialysis or kidney transplantation. The Diabetic kidney disease sometimes also called as Diabetic nephropathy is a renal related complication usually occurs in some people with diabetes mellitus.

The kidney is also affected by genetic disorders like Polycystic Kidney Disease, Alport Syndrome which are generally called Hereditary Kidney Diseases. Some diseases are caused by the mutations in the gene. In some cases, a person may inherit a gene with a mutation that usually leads to a disease, but never get that disease. In these cases, either unrelated genes that a person inherits can protect from developing the disease, or else both  the mutation in the gene and some environmental exposure are required to get the disease, and the person without the disease just never had that environmental exposure. In recent days Polycystic Overian Disease is found very common among women.

It is a kidney disorder that causes your body to excrete too much protein in your urine. Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and excess water from your blood. Nephrotic syndrome causes swelling (edema), particularly in your feet and ankles, and increases the risk of other health problems.Treatment for nephrotic syndrome includes treating the underlying condition that's causing it and taking medications. Nephrotic syndrome can increase your risk of infections and blood clots. Your doctor may recommend medications and dietary changes to prevent these and other complications of nephrotic syndrome.

Acute Kidney Injury is the sudden failure of kidney or kidney damage that happens in few days or weeks. AKI causes a build-up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard for kidneys to keep the right balance of fluid in body. Most cases of AKI are caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys, usually in the person who is already unwell with another health condition. The most common cause is dehydration and sepsis combined with nephrotoxic drugs, especially following surgery or contrast agents. The causes of acute kidney injury are commonly categorized into pre renal injury, intrinsic, and post renal injury. Many advances have been made in Phenotyping for AKI.

A kidney biopsy involves taking one or more tiny pieces (samples) of your kidney to look at with special microscopes. The microscopes make it possible to see the samples in greater detail.

The biopsy sample may be taken in one of two ways:

1.Percutaneous (through the skin) biopsy: a needle placed through the skin that lies over the kidney and guided to the right place in the kidney, usually with the help of ultrasound.

2.Open biopsy: the kidney sample is taken directly from the kidney during surgery.

The kidney sample is then sent to a doctor (pathologist) who looks at it with microscopes. He or she will check for any signs of disease.

Glomerular disease can result from many inherited or acquired disorders and can manifest in a variety of ways, ranging in severity from asymptomatic urinary abnormalities to acute kidney injury (AKI) or end-stage renal disease. A kidney biopsy is often required to secure the underlying diagnosis in a patient with suspected Glomerular disease, particularly in patients with nephrotic syndrome or suspected Glomerulonephritis. Rarely, a biopsy cannot be performed or is not needed to secure a diagnosis.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. Renal Cell Carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer often seen in adults. This affects the small tubes in kidney that helps to transport urine. The treatment for this removal of parts. RCC is caused by the tumor hormones and also by the body’s attack on tumor cells. There are generally four stages in RCC. It accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasms arising from the kidney. Multilocular cystic is a rare tumor that affects the young children and adults which is proved in the survey. Renal Medullary Carcinoma is rare, aggressive and serious type of tumor which is difficult to diagnose and treat.

Congenital nephrotic syndrome is defined by the presence of nephrotic range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema, with onset in the first 3 months of life. It is usually secondary to genetic mutations of the components of the glomerular filtration barrier, although infective causes must be ruled out. Congenital heart disease is extremely rare in congenital nephrotic syndrome, accounting for less than 20% of cases and is mostly associated with podocin mutation. We report a 2 month girl, presenting with anasarca in the first 2 months of life and was diagnosed to have congenital nephrotic syndrome. Infectious causes including malaria, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus and rubella were ruled out. In view of a systolic murmur, echocardiography was done which revealed ostium secundum atrial septal defect and branch pulmonary artery stenosis. Genetic analysis showed homozygous single base pair duplication in exon 20 of the NPHS1 gene (chr19:36332624dupG; Depth: 216x) resulting in a frameshift and premature truncation of the protein 6 amino acids downstream to codon 937 (p.Ser937GlnfsTer6; ENST00000378910.5). This is the first case of NPHS1 (nephrin) mutation associated with congenital cardiac disease along with congenital nephrotic syndrome.

Certain diseases are known to trigger Glomerulonephritis and damage your kidney. Certain antibodies attack your kidney and lungs which disturbs the kidney functions and causes kidney failure gradually. An auto immune disease means the person’s immune system produces antibodies that attacks and destroy the healthy organs making them failure. For example, Lupus Nephritis occurs when auto antibodies form or are deposited in the glomeruli. Children with auto immune kidney disease are often so sick  they will need intensive treatment for 3 to 6 months.  When a person’s kidney delivers large amount of dilute, odorless kidney then that person can undergo the diagnosis for Diabetes Insipidus.

Imaging is increasing its role in monitoring and diagnosing kidney disorders especially renal cell carcinoma. Size, location, margins, lesion homogeneity, and consistency, presence or absence of septations or mural nodules, presence or absence of calcification, intratumoral fat or central stellate scar, echogenicity on US, vascularity on Doppler, degree of enhancement on CT, phase of maximum enhancement on CT, signal characteristics on MRI, tumor stage, and presence or absence of tumor growth are the factors required for imaging. Multiplexed Fluorescence Microscopy is one of the advances in imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

A kidney transplant is a surgery to put a solid kidney from a living or expired contributor into an individual whose kidneys never again work appropriately. 

The kidneys are two bean-moulded organs situated on each side of the spine just beneath the rib confine. Each is about the size of a clench hand. Their principle work is to channel and evacuate waste, minerals and liquid from the blood by creating pee. 

At the point when your kidneys lose this sifting capacity, destructive degrees of liquid and waste amass in your body, which can raise your circulatory strain and result in kidney disappointment (end-arrange kidney sickness). End-organize renal ailment happens when the kidneys have lost about 90% of their capacity to work regularly.

The Renal Therapeutics is an introduction to all aspects of drug use in renal failure. Covering various diseases affecting the kidneys, each chapter discusses the disease process and treatment. It also addresses the role of the pharmacist in patient care, and the advanced renal therapeutics is the next generation of therapeutics for chronic kidney disease.

It is an inherited, developmental, acquired kidney disorder. It causes symptoms like high blood pressure, back pain, blood in urine, frequent kidney infections. Polycystic kidney diseases are the most prevalent kidney cysts. The two prevalent subtypes of polycystic kidney diseases are: Autosomal Recessive and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney diseases. Non-cancerous cysts can be cured and rarely cause complications. Simple cysts are not same as the cysts that form with polycystic kidney disease.

Renal Replacement Therapy is a life saving treatment for the renal failure patients. Renal failure becomes more common in recent days because of food and day to day culture which is pushing scientists to bring up with more innovations. It replaces non endocrine kidney function in patients with renal failure. RRT does not correct the endocrine abnormalities of renal failure. The choice of technique depends on multiple factors, including the primary need underlying indication vascular access, hemodynamic stability, availability, local expertise, and patient preference and capability. A person with Acute Renal Failure requires renal replacement therapy (RRT) when he or she has an acute fall in glomerular filtration rate and has developed, or is at risk of developing clinically significant solute imbalance/toxicity or volume overload.

Developmental anomalies of the kidneys and ureters are numerous and not only potentially render image interpretation confusing but also, in many instances, make the kidneys more prone to pathology. Some may have numerous kidneys and some have pancake like shaped kidneys. Those with Bilateral Renal Agenesis often have additional birth defects, both associated with, and a result of the absence of kidneys. With no kidneys, the fetus is unable to produce urine, which is necessary to form amniotic fluid resulting anhydromnios.

Kidney function tests look for the level of waste products, such as creatinine and urea, in blood. Analysing a sample of urine may reveal abnormalities that point to chronic kidney failure and help identify the cause of chronic kidney disease. Kidney biopsy is often done with local anaesthesia using a long, thin needle that's inserted through your skin and into your kidney. The biopsy sample is sent to a lab for testing to help determine what's causing your kidney problem. Ultrasound is used to assess your kidneys' structure and size. Diagnosis method vary for different conditions.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death which is caused by chronic kidney disease and cardiometabolic risk. It is closely related to kidney diseases and causing dysfunction of both organs. Patients with End Stage Renal Disease are at much higher risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease. The risk factors are hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes. Acute Kidney Injury is strongly related to cardiovascular Disease and its early diagnosis and treatment will have significant positive effect.

Successful kidney transplantation offers the best possible quality of life for patients with end stage renal disease. Despite this, the successful renal transplantation rates in the developing world are considerably lower than in the developed world. When identified reasons for this include lack of awareness, low education levels, lack of a clear national policy, absence of functional dialysis and transplant units with adequately trained staff, and absence of an organized system of organ retrieval from deceased donors and lack of opportunities to fund long-term immunosuppression. Some of Challenges include Acute Rejection, Graft Loss, Graft Survival.