cystoscopy & ureteroscopy
A cystoscopy is a procedure that lets the doctor look at the bladder and urethra for problems. The doctor may also take samples and treat problems. The doctor uses a type of endoscope (called a cystoscope) with a camera on the end. The cystoscope can be straight and stiff (called a rigid cystoscope) or it can bend (called a flexible cystoscope). Doctors most often use a flexible cystoscope.
A ureteroscopy uses a flexible endoscope (called a ureteroscope) to examine the ureters and renal pelvis in the kidney as well as the prostate in men. A ureteroscope is smaller and thinner than a cystoscope.